Significant improvement in process efficiency (~67%) was achieved, but was offset by a 44-fold increase in annual steel production, resulting in a 17-fold net increase in annual emissions. We find that ~45 Gt steel was produced in this period leading to emissions of ~147 Gt CO 2-eq.
Here we report on greenhouse gas emissions from global steel production over the past century (1900-2015) by combining material flow analysis and life cycle assessment. Efforts for future decarbonization can benefit from understanding its progress to date. Steel production is a difficult-to-mitigate sector that challenges climate mitigation commitments.
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